|
Matthew（黑夜编码人） < matthew # cnfug.org > 转自：http://cnfug.org/journal/systems/2006/000116.html 1、Postfix的安装 这里我们使用手动编译的方式安装postfix，当然，你也可以使用ports来进行安装，首先是建立postfix用户，postfix和postdrop用户组，同时将postfix用户加到postdrop组中： # pw groupadd postfix # pw groupadd postdrop # pw useradd postfix -g postifx -G postdrop 下载编译postfix # fetch ftp://postfix.cn99.com/postfix/official/postfix-2.2.9.tar.gz # tar -zxvf postfix-2.2.9.tar.gz # cd postfix-2.2.9 # make tidy && make && make install 在make install的时候会提示一些问题，直接按回车，全部用默认的即可。 2、配置postfix Postfix安装好后，需要配置的不多，只需修改（或添加）/etc/postfix/main.cf中的以下几处即可（中文部分为说明）： #这里假设我们的机器名是 lists.cnfug.org myhostname = lists.cnfug.org #这里假设我们的域是 cnfug.org mydomain = cnfug.org #设置发出去的邮件默认域名为 myhostname，即lists.cnfug.org myorigin = $myhostname #设置aliases的类型和路径 alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases 生成aliases Hash文件，启动postfix # postalias /etc/postfix/aliases # postfix start 3、Minimalist的安装 Minimalist的安装非常简单，只需将下载回来的文件解包，复制里面的minimalist.pl到安装目的地即可，这里我们假设安装到/usr/local/bin中，分别执行以下命令： # tar -zxvf minimalist.tar.gz # cp minimalist-2.5.3/minimalist.pl /usr/local/bin/minimalist.pl # chmod 0755 /usr/local/bin/minimalist.pl # cp minimalist-2.5.3/minimalist.conf-sample /usr/local/etc/minimalist.conf 这里minimalist.conf是minimalist.pl的配置文件，它的默认路径为/usr/local/etc/minimalist.conf。 接下来就是让minimalist与postfix一同工作，编辑/etc/postfix/aliases文件，新增一行： minimalist: "|/usr/local/bin/minimalist.pl" 重新生成postfix的aliases Hash文件，刷新postfix配置： # postalias /etc/postfix/aliases # postfix reload 4、配置Minimalist和新增一个邮件列表 首先要做的就是为minimalist建立一个工作目录，这里我们的工作目录为/home/maillist，并将目录的所有者设置为minimalist.pl执行时的用户，在postfix中，该用户就是nobody： # mkdir /home/maillist # chown nobody /home/maillist 在建立了minimalist的工作目录后，我们需要对minimalist的配置文件/usr/local/etc/minimalist.conf进行一些修改，以下是本文中使用的配置文件，修改了的部分都用中文注明了，请根据自己的需要修改： ############## Main configuration file for Minimalist ################ #--------------------------------------------------------------------# # These directives can be used only in global config # #--------------------------------------------------------------------# # The directory for Minimalist's files - default to /var/spool/minimalist # # 设置minimalist的工作目录，默认为/var/spool/minimalist directory = /home/maillist # Administrator password. It applies to all lists, regardless to # authentication settings in these lists. For per-list authentication see # directive 'auth' below. # # Password must be in very first line and first column of message's body, # as follows (without quotes): '*password: this_secret_password' # # By default this password isn't empty, but undefined, so if you want use # it, you must define it here. # #password = this_secret_password # Time while authentication request is valid, in hours # Default to 24 hours # #request valid = 12 # Access control list, used for limiting access to Minimalist. Delimiter # for items is ':'. Item, which begins with '@', means path to filename # with items list, one item per row. # # Default is empty # #blacklist = !small.domain.com:domain.com:spamdomain.org:@/path/to/blacklist.txt # # In this example mails from small.domain.com will be allowed to work with # Minimalist, mails from domain.com will be disallowed, and further, on the # 'first match' basis. # Robots (like MLM=mailing list managers) usually should be blocked # otherwise two minimalists could be ping-ponging help/subscribe messages # to each other infinitely. Delimiter is '|'. # #blocked robots = 'X-List-Server|List-Id|List-Subscribe|X-Yahoo-Newman-Property'; # Log requests to Minimalist. Can be either "none" or path to logfile. # # Default to none # #logfile = /var/log/Minimalist.log # Log info about messages, passed through Minimalist. Can be 'yes' or 'no' # # Default to 'no'. logfile (see above) to 'none' implies 'no' # #log messages = yes # Run in background. If 'yes', Minimalist uses fork for detach from MTA and # continues execution in background. # # Default to 'no' # # 开启在后台运行minimailist，默认关闭 background = yes #-------------------------------------------------------------------# # These directives can be used either in global and local configs # #-------------------------------------------------------------------# # The Minimalist administrator's e-mail address. # # Default to postmaster@primary_domain, where primary_domain is the result # of the `hostname --fqdn` command # # 列表管理员邮件 admin = [email]listadmin@lists.cnfug.org[/email] # Address for return miscellaneous delivery errors # # Available values are: # . drop - drop such error messages # . admin - send error messages to admin (see above) # . sender - send error messages to sender of original message # . verp - generate VERP (see below) # . RFC-822 E-mail - send error messages to arbitrary mailbox # # Default to 'drop'. Note, that 'sender' value is quite annoying for # message's sender and highly undesirable. When setuping new list it is # desirable to set this parameter to 'admin' for revealing adimistrator's # errors. # # Note about 'verp' (Variable Envelope Return Path). # # Prepare message so, that it will be possible to parse bounce messages. # For detailed description see original document at # http://cr.yp.to/proto/verp.txt # or it's copy at # http://www.mml.org.ua/verp.txt # # You must create one additional alias in your 'aliases' file, for # processing bounce messages. It must be something similar to: # #listname-owner-*: "|/path/to/bouncer.pl" # # where 'listname' is the name of mailing list. Wildcard mask specifies, # that any message, where recipient's address starts on 'listname-owner-', # will be passed to bouncer.pl. Check your MTA documentation on how to # creare wilcard aliases. # # Distribution of Minimalist does not provide bounce processing program. # You should use any third-party program. # # CAUTION: if value set to 'verp', Minimalist will generate ONE MESSAGE per # RECIPIENT. On big lists this can produce very big load of server. # #errors to = admin # The list's language # en=English / ru=Russian / de=informal German / DE=formal German / # NL=Dutch # # See contrib/languages directory for further information # # language = en # The charset, which will be used in information messages and footer. # # Default is 'us-ascii' # # See docs/README for information on how Minimalist adds footer, # dependently on charset. # #charset = koi8-r # Path to sendmail, default to '/usr/sbin/sendmail' # #sendmail = /usr/sbin/sendmail # Delivery method. Can be 'internal' - Minimalist will send message by # itself and 'alias' - Minimalist will send message to specified address, # which can points to bulkmailer, etc. # # Note, that using 'alias' automatically sets value of 'errors to' to # 'sender'. # # Default to 'internal'. Syntax is: # #delivery = internal #delivery = alias e-mail # The domain name - default to `hostname --fqdn`. If begins with '|' then # Minimalist calls external program to determine hostname. # #domain = |uname -n # # 邮件列表的域名 domain = lists.cnfug.org # Security level: # . none - allow any person write to any mailing list # . careful - only subscribers can write to list # . paranoid - user must authenticate subscribe/unsubscribe requests # # Default to 'careful' # # 设置列表的安全级别，paranoid表示用户在订阅和退订里必须进行身验证 # 建议使用此安全级别，默认的级别为careful security = paranoid # Archiving strategy: # . no - don't archive articles # . daily - create new directory for articles every day # . monthly - create new directory for articles every month # . yearly - create new directory for articles every year # or # archive = pipe /path/to/archiver [options] # # for instance # archive = pipe /usr/local/bin/hypermail -m www-talk -d /archives/www-talk # # Default to 'no' # # 开启列表邮件按月存档，默认为不存档 archive = monthly # Maximum size of message (in bytes), which will be archived # # Default - zero (no limits) # #archive size = 1000000 # List's status. Available values are: # . open - list without any restrictions # . ro - read-only access to list # . closed - only trusted users can subscribe anyone to this list. # . mandatory - subscribed users can't unsubscribe # # Values may be used together, for example: closed,ro,mandatory # # Default to 'open' # #status = closed,ro,mandatory # Copy to sender - indicates send or no message to message's sender # Default to yes # #copy to sender = no # This variable defines Reply-To: contents of outgoing message. Available # choices: 'no', 'yes' or e-mail. If used 'no' (default), Minimalist doesn't # touch this header at all. If used 'yes', Minimalist sets Reply-To: header # to list's address instead of original contents. # # The third choice is available ONLY in per-list config - if used any other # value, Reply-To: will be set to this value. BE CAREFUL and use correct # RFC-822 compliant E-mail here. # # Please check the following URL on why you (most often) should not use # this feature: http://www.unicom.com/pw/reply-to-harmful.html (Thanks to # Jonas Bofjall for pointing to this topic) # # Default to 'no' # # 开启回复到邮件列表的功能，默认关闭 reply-to list = yes # Set From: to specified value (RFC-822 compliant E-mail address) in # outgoing message. # # Default - don't touch From: # #from = [email]doka@kiev.sovam.com[/email] # Modify subject before sending message to subscribers. # # Available values: # no : don't touch subject # yes : add "[list_name] " before original subject # more : remove leading "Re: " if it's there and then add "[list_name] " # # Default to yes # #modify subject = no # Maximal count of subscribers per list, zero means no limits. # Default to zero # #maxusers = 100 # Count of recipients per message. If not zero, Minimalist will generate # few messages with maxrcpts recipients instead of one message to all # recipients. # # Allowed value from 1 to 50, default to 10 # # Be careful when using high values, because this may lead to lost some # recipients in mailing if total length of addresses will exceed allowed # length of command line, passed to MTA. # #maxrcpts = 15 # Delay (in seconds) between deliveries, if there are few ones per message. # # Default to none # #delay = 15 # Maximal size of message # Default to none # #maxsize = 100000 # Include list information headers (RFC 2369) in outgoing mail. These # directives are: List-Help, List-Subscribe, List-Unsubscribe, List-Post, # List-Owner and, optionally, List-Archive. # # Available values are: 'no', 'yes' or URL, which points to archive, in # form: (Comment) # # Example: # list information = (Archive of everything) # # Note: comment is optional and may be avoided. Using URL as value in this # directive implies 'yes' to all rest List-* headers and available only in # per-list config. # # Default value is 'yes' # #list information = no # Strip various "Receipt Request" headers. Currently there are: # # . Return-Receipt-To # . Disposition-Notification-To # . X-Confirm-Reading-To # # Default not to strip # #strip rrq = yes # Add extra headers. It is possible to use this option two and more times - # Minimalist will glue all these headers, when producing final message. # Also it is possible to use macroses (if applicable) \a (admin), \d # (domain), \l (list), \o (owner), \n (newline), \t (tab) and \s (space) in # these headers. # # WARNING! Minimalist doesn't check validity of these headers nor their # duplicating! Be carefull while using this option. # #extra header = X-BeenThere: \l@\d # # By using \n, \t and \s it is possible to construct multiline headers, for # example: # #extra header = X-Multline: first line\n\t second line\n\t third line # # the same result may be achieved by combining few directives: # #extra header = X-Multilne: first line #extra header = \t second line #extra header = \t third line # Remove 'Resent-*' headers in incoming mail. These headers are not # important for message understanding and processing, but some MUA's # generate incorrect these ones. # # Default not to remove. # #remove resent = yes # Modify Message-ID in outgoing message. # # If somefirstbody subscribed on two lists on same server and # somesecondbody crossposts message to these lists and # somefirstbody's MTA doesn't allow two and more messages with # same Message-ID, then this first body will receive message only # once. In this case modification of original message's Message-ID # will solve this problem. # # Modification is done by adding token 'MMLID_xxxxx-' before the # original Message-ID, where xxxxx is some number between 0 and 99999 # # Default do not touch Message-ID. # #modify message-id = yes # Send message on subscribe/unsubscribe event to list owner # # Default to no # #cc on subscribe = yes #------------------------------------------------------------------# # These directives can be used in local configs only # #------------------------------------------------------------------# # Authentication scheme for list. # # NOTE: By default there is 'password' scheme with undefined password, so # if you want to make administrative requests to list, you must define this # scheme explicitly. # # Examples: # # auth = mailfrom [email]doka@kiev.sovam.com[/email]:@/usr/local/etc/list.admins # List users, allowed to make administrative requests. Their e-mails # delimited by ':', item, beginnig with '@' means filename with list # of persons, one person's e-mail per one row. # # auth = password this_secret_password # Password, which opens administrative access to list. Must be in # very first line and first column of message's body, as follows # (without quotes): '*password: this_secret_password' # #auth = mailfrom [email]doka@kiev.sovam.com[/email]:@/usr/local/etc/mml.trusted #auth = password this_secret_password # List's GECOS. # # Add gecos to headers 'To' and, optionally, 'Reply-To', when sending # message to subscribers. For example, using: # # list gecos = Minimalist General Discussion # # will produce # # To: Minimalist General Discussion # Reply-To: Minimalist General Discussion # # in outgoing message. # # Default: empty # #list gecos = Test GECOS # Fill header 'To' of outgoing message with recipient's address. # # Note: if set to 'yes', Minimalist will remove all rest 'To' and 'Cc' # headers from message. # # CAUTION: if set to 'yes', Minimalist will generate ONE MESSAGE per # RECIPIENT. On big lists this can produce very big load of server. # # Default to 'no' # #to recipient = yes 在修改完配置文件后，可以使用使用（不包含引号）"/usr/local/bin/minimalist.pl -" 来对配置文件进行检查。 当上面的工作完成后，现在就可以新建我们的第一个邮件列表了，假设我们要建立一个名为cnfug的邮件列表（同样假设域名为lists.cnfug.org）。minimalist的邮件列表是通过minimalist工作目录中的lists.lst文件来进行控制的，在本例中，它便是/home/maillist/lists.lst，编辑它（第一次编辑时需要创建它），并增加如下行： cnfug This is my first list 其中cnfug是我们的邮件列表的名字，以后其它用户将通过[email]cnfug@lists.cnfug.org[/email]的形式递交信件，紧跟其后的是一个Tab（跳格），minimalist将根据tab来区分列表名和列表描述，tab后面的就是列表的简单描述。 在列表控制文件中加入列表信息后，现在就该为列表建立文件夹，在minialist的工作目录中，以列表名创建文件夹，并保证minimalist可以对其进行读写操作： # 邮件大小控制 maxsize = 30000 info文件 Welcome! This is information file for list \l. Available information for this list: . Server's administrator: \a . Domain: \d . List's owner: \o footer文件 ----------------------------------------------------------- If you wish to unsubscribe from this mailing, send mail to minimalist@\d with a subject of: unsubscribe \l 当完成上面的第一步之后，接下来就是为我们的邮件列表增加aliases别名，编辑/etc/postfix/aliases，增加如下行： cnfug: "|/usr/local/bin/minimalist.pl cnfug" cnfug-owner: [email]listadmin@lists.cnfug.org[/email] 第一行是告诉邮件系统，发往[email]cnfug@lists.cnfug.org[/email]的邮件将交由minimalist.pl来处理，这里minimalist.pl多了一个参数，即邮件列表名，第二行是将所有发往[email]cnfug-owner@lists.cnfug.org[/email]的邮件，递交给列表所有者[email]listadmin@lists.cnfug.org[/email] 重建aliases Hash文件，刷新postfix配置： # postalias /etc/postfix/aliases # postfix reload 现在你就可以测试你的邮件列表了，发一封邮件到[email]minimal@lists.cnfug.org[/email]，邮件主题为help，你将看到相关的帮助；发一封邮件主题为subscribe cnfug的邮件到[email]minimal@lists.cnfug.org[/email]，便可以订阅我们的邮件列表cnfug，因为我们设置了验证，所以你将会收到一封要求验证的信件，返回验证信息后，便成功的订阅了。 √ 期刊在线投稿： http://www.lstv.net.cn/journal/contribute.html √ 本文打印于《CNFUG期刊》，欢迎访问 http://www.cnfug.org 获取更多技术文章。 查看全部评论(0)我来说两句 |
在FreeBSD上使用minimalist组建邮件列表
发布时间: 2008-6-28 18:21 作者: 黑夜编码人 来源: http://www.chinaunix.net